Common Stock Valuation and Cost of Capital Case Study - 1

Common Stock Valuation and Cost of Capital - Case Study Example From the above calculations, this stock is selling at $30 that is below $33.50 based on its predictable future cash flows. Therefore, it is undervalued since its selling price is relatively below the intrinsic value. From investments point of view, the company is priced below its true value. For this reason, it is rewarding investing this company’s shares because its stocks have a high probability of appreciating, hence a good investment opportunity that guarantees capital gains. This strategy (value investing strategy) has worked out well for Marquette Inc. given that its portfolio has consistently outperformed others in the broader market. Chief Financial Officers whose stocks are undervalued are less likely to issues them because such companies operate below their true value, thus have to pay more dividends in the future (Clayman, et al., 2012). Second step involves calculation of the cost of equity. With information on cost of debt available, it is possible to apply capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to compute the cost of equity. This is arrived at as follows: The company’s return on assets falls short of its WACC. This is an indication that this company is declining in value. This will scare away potential investors who would preferably invest their resources elsewhere that offer promising returns.The first step is the computation of cost of debt. Cost of debt represents bond’s yield to maturity. From yield to maturity calculator, this value is 7.51%.Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt is equal to 7.51% Ãâ€" (1 – 0.40) = 4.506%.  The second step involves calculation of the cost of equity. With information on the cost of debt available, it is possible to apply capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to compute the cost of equity.The company’s return on assets falls short of its WACC. This is an indication that this company is declining in value. This will scare away potential investors who would preferably invest their resources elsewhere that offer promising returns. Such decline in the value of the firm, there fore, raises concern about the company’s ability to raise capital in the future.

Inclusive Education in Mainstream Politics Term Paper

Inclusive Education in Mainstream Politics - Term Paper Example The definite advancement of the movement on inclusive education is evidenced through declarations, gatherings, statements and various actions taken by governments across the world in the last century. The issue of inclusive education is characterized by deep-rooted conflicts, dilemmas, and contradictions. "Inclusive education should be seen as an attempted resolution of a dilemma that is fundamental to mass education systems: the dilemma of commonality and difference. Put simply, such systems have to offer something recognizably common - an 'education' - to learners who are recognizably similar, while at the same time acknowledging that those same learners differ from each other in important ways and therefore have to be offered different 'educations' (Dyson & Millward, 2000). It is now universally accepted by think groups and policymakers that children with a disability or learning difficulty will ultimately be a part of the mainstream, hence their participation in the mainstream is earlier the better and an early start in mainstream schools is the best preparation for an integrated life. Some of the major milestones in opinion building on bringing inclusive education in the mainstream of policymaking activities include The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR, 1948 ), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ( ICEARD, 1965), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( ICCPR, 1966), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESC, 1966), Convention on the Rights of the Child ( CRC, 1989) and Salamanca Declaration, 1994. The Salamanca Declaration under the overall framework of UNESCO has been particularly noteworthy and it is worthwhile looking at some the key declarations which are given below: Every child has a fundamental right to education and must be given the opportunity to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of learning. Every child has unique characteristics, interes ts, abilities and learning needs, education systems should be designed and educational programs implemented to take into account the wide diversity of these characteristics and needs,   Those with special education needs must have access to regular schools, which should accommodate them within a child-centered pedagogy capable of meeting these needs, Regular schools with this inclusive orientation are the most effective means of combating discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities, building an inclusive society, and achieving education for all; moreover, they provide an effective education to the majority of children and improve the efficiency and ultimately the cost-effectiveness of the entire education system" The successive British establishments were seized with issues associated with the shift in economy from traditional to knowledge work, especially the Labour party when it regained power towards the end of the previous century. Peter Drucker said in 1980 that the center of gravity has sharply shifted from manual work to knowledge work in the world of work. The British leadership could see the need for a different focus in educational policy and its deployment.

The Great Gatsby Destruction of the American Dream Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Destruction of the American Dream Essay The failure of the American dream can be seen through the main characters Gatsby, Daisy and Myrtle and Tom Buchannan. Gatsby is obviously the most important of the four, due to his significant roll in the book. Jay Gatsby is bent on getting his love interest, Daisy, his girlfriend before the war. Ironically, Gatsby, a decorated military officer, is so intent on getting Daisy back he involves himself in organized crime and bootlegging (Callahan 2). He moves in across the river from Daisy and throws lavish parties to try to get her to come and try to woo her back to him. These lavish parties and Gatsby’s inability to move on will ultimately lead to his downfall. Baska 2 Gatsby’s personality parallels with many items brought up in the book. Fitzgerald uses Nick to describe Gatsby mansion, â€Å"The one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard—it was a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than forty acres of lawn and garden. It was Gatsby’s mansion† (Fitzgerald 7). When Nick enters Gatsby’s house to attend one of his parties he also describes its grand rooms with high empty ceilings. Gatsby, much like his mansion, puts of this elegant appearance but on the inside he is hollow and tiring to find people to fill that hollowness Daisy’s character is very static just like the Gatsby; she plays Gatsby off and only truly liked him because he was just something new (Callahan 2). Despite being from the upper elite class and having the â€Å"perfect lifestyle†, she still is the third wheel in her relationship. Tom, Daisy’s husband, engages in an affair with Myrtle and despite the thinking that the upper class is perfect and everyone should be like them Tom beats his wife and is very hot headed. Tom is also a factory owner and the New York factories have destroyed this valley known as the Valley of Ashes. In this Valley there is the sign of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg â€Å"The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic—their irises are one Baska 3 yard high. They look out of no face, but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose. Evidently some wild wag of an oculist set them there to fatten his practice in the borough of Queens, and then sank down himself into eternal blindness. †(Fitzgerald 24) The decaying face of Eckleburg is there to show the consequences of the American Dream in the twenties and how it had destroyed the lives of many people. It may also be seen as the death of God in this day and age of social decay. Much like Daisy in her youth Myrtle has decided the wealthy life is the way for her. Myrtle up till the end is an almost ideal picture of the American Dream despite cheating on her husband for Tom. Myrtle’s car has broken down and when she exits the car Daisy, who was coming down the road, hits her with her car. Myrtle had gone from the Valley of Ashes to the riches to being murdered by her love affair’s wife. This downward spiral continues when George Wilson, Myrtles husband, believes who ever hit Myrtle was the person she was having an affair with. Tom tells Wilson that Gatsby was driving the car that hit Myrtle. Wilson goes to Gatsby’s house were he finds him relaxing in the pool on a float. Wilson shoots Gatsby then turns the gun on himself, showing us the tragic ending to the books corruption in the American Dream theme. Corruption in the twenties illustrated in The Great Gatsby parallels with many other generations, one such one is the most recent. The world today is filled with consumerism and the idea that to be reat and to be the person in the spot light you Baska 4 must have money and glamour. In The Great Gatsby, there is also the apparent struggle between the â€Å"new money† and the â€Å"old money† just as there is today. The Roaring twenties was the first generation to change the American Dream from the strait laced puritan morals to living large in the mansion. Hollywood, celebrities and the television has imbedded the failures of the American Dream which Fitzgerald has exposed in The Great Ga tsby into today’s culture. The middle class has been given the privilege to have a home and have freedom, so the view of the American dream has been changed by society. Tyler Durden, from Fight Club, expresses the sentiments above â€Å"Advertising has us chasing cars and clothes, working jobs we hate so we can buy stuff we don’t need† (Palahniuk 114). Despite all the ignorant prejudice the recent large scale Hispanic immigration hopefully will show America that The American Dream should not about having money and the perfect life, but having a safe haven to live your life free. The people who left everything to come to America not to be famous or the wealthy but for a better life for them and their children are the true idealization of the American Dream. From the Great Gatsby to the roaring twenties all they way up to modern times people look up to the American Dream for inspiration and try to make it their own. Greed and love may have corrupted the dream for Gatsby, though it is just human nature to want more than what you have and that is the true corruption Fitzgerald has shown his readers.

Double Consciousness In Black Culture

Double Consciousness In Black Culture In his book The Souls of the Black Folk, WEB Du Bois is considering the situations the Africans, who were American citizens after the American Revolution war faced. These where people who were slaves afore time and had become American citizens after being freed from slavery by Abraham Lincoln. The whites looked down upon these black Americans, who were African Americans. They also mistreated and despised these African Americans. The whites considered themselves superior than the blacks and believed that nothing good could come out of these black Americans. The whites considered the black Americans poor and chaotic. They denied the African Americans the opportunity to access basic requirements like education, health care and running businesses. Through this treatment, the African Americans found themselves in a state of confusion. They looked at themselves through the eyes of other people (Du Bois, 12) and considered themselves inferior to the whites. They believed that they were Amer icans and, at the same time, their color and discrimination made them believe that they were Africans. These Negros never wanted to give up any of the two statuses because they believed it had some good to offer, a situation that put them in the state of double consciousness (pg 13). They therefore held on to their African culture and at the same time wanted to embrace the American culture and lifestyle. Double consciousness is a situation where one is convinced of who he or she is and at the same time believes to be what other people thinks he or she is. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this double consciousness, this sense of always looking at ones self through the eyes of others, of measuring ones soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his twoness, (Du Bois, 12). Such people hold on to the two personalities thus trying to live like two souls competing for one body. In Du Bois account, the concept of double consciousness was aggravated by the whites stereotypes which made the Negros (the African Americans) to doubt the truth they had about themselves, racism that made black Americans to be segregated from the American community and the understanding that the Negros were both African and American. The Afro-American strove to attain self-consciousness and change his double consciousness to a satisfactory truer self (Du Bois, 13). Even though the African Americans desired a better self, they were not ready to change any of the two natures to suit the other. They had to make use of their formerly dispersed, wasted and forgotten mind in order to get out of the problem they were facing. As a result, the African Americans formed a movement that helped them to revolutionalize America and the world and enable them to participate fully in the development of their country. The African Americans employed their skills such as poetry, literature, plays, concerts and music to express what they felt and how they wanted the whites to treat them. They came together and formed an alliance where they used plays and music to discourage stereotypes and discrimination. They formed an alliance and named it the Harlem Renaissance. This alliance grew and became popular among the African Americans. Wor ld War 1 and the social and cultural changes in the United States accelerated the growth and popularity of the alliance during the start of the 20th century. The Harlem renaissance brought democratic reform to the American people. However, the Renaissance ended abruptly due to the great depression and their assumptions about the importance of culture that did not related to the social and economic realities. The African Americans sought better standards of living in other parts of the United States of America. They migrated from the southern farmlands to the northern industrial and town areas. At first, the African Americans received some level of acceptance by the whites and they lived with them in the Northern cities. They established their businesses and started growing in their economic status. Despite this, the whites still looked down upon the blacks and controlled most aspects of their lives like in markets and the economy at large. The blacks found a better life in the neighborhood for some time. This led to a higher influx of the Whites from the south leading to their increase in population. The population of poor blacks in the region increased, as most of them were jobless and from poor background. This situation led to increase in social evils as some became thugs, formed groups of thugs, and disturbed the peace of the people in those areas. Du Bois uses the veil as a metaphor through out his work. In his book, Du Bois stated that the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil (Pg 12). A veil is like an opaque curtain that separates different groups of people. It makes people to be ignorant of what is taking place in the other group because they cannot see it. The veil makes things obscure and acts as a mask preventing the whites from seeing what is of importance in the whites. It covers, hides and conceals the blacks who are born in the veil making them invisible to the American whites. Du Bois indicates that the veil makes the experience of the African Americans invisible to the whites. In a sense, he wants to lift up the veil for us to see and understand what is taking place inside the veil. The veil that separated the whites and blacks was color. This veil followed the people throughout their lives from birth to death. This means that the veil of color separated the way the backs and whites treated each other in all aspects of their lives with the blacks being discriminated in social life, political life, in hospitals, churches, schools, streets, jails and even in graveyards (Allen Jr. Pg 2). Color separates people in the United States making them live as different communities in one region. This causes harm to the inhabitants and destroys democracy. The African Americans feel alienated but at the same time feel themselves as worth people with their own culture and traditions. This thought gives the blacks a dual perception, which Du Bois referred to as double consciousness. Du Bois suggested that the African Americans have an important identity valuable and profitable to all the inhabitants of America. The current conditions in which they thrive prevent this identity from developing or becoming fully and exploited. Through their various cultures, the white Americans put blocks and divisions on the black Americans. Du bois philosophy has been useful in development of American political theories. It has also influenced many people in the tradition of Africana theory. It has been important in development of the race theory through his argument that race has some real meaning even though it is difficult to define that meaning. The book addresses the concept of domination where some people use their race to dominate others and exploit them. Such is evident in the world today. Still the whites are marginalizing the blacks and alienating them in major aspects of development of the American nation and the world at large. The whites have not fully agreed that the blacks can provide much in development than they can do. The whites still discriminate the blacks and deny them good opportunities in education, social standing and in political issues. As a result, the double consciousness still exists in the blacks to some degree. The blacks, however are struggling to overcome this and have been seen contending with the whites in the social, economic and political aspects. The American political theory today has undergone transformation, becoming better than it was decades ago. Science and social science philosophies have helped broaden the intellectual horizons thus improving the prospects of the political theory. This has helped reconcile the conflicting philosophies and traditions of the African Americans and the White Americans (Held, Pg 14). The transformation has also enabled the common citizens to track and participate in the formulation of the political theories and policies. The policies have largely accommodated the African Americans and allowed them to participate actively in the political activities of the American Nation. The new political theory has reviewed the aspects of sovereignty, democracy and justice to all people (Held, 16). Despite all the transformations and struggles the African Americans have made to avoid racism and discrimination, it is notable that this still exists up to now. According to Brown N. Kimberly (2010), Du Bois desire was to see double consciousness eradicated (Brown, 31). Double consciousness still exists but it is no longer an urgent objective. Discrimination and racism still exist, although it is at a lesser degree than it was during the time of Du Bois. Some people are still struggling with their identity and mixed cultures as was experienced by the African Americans. Political instability and social injustices experienced by the people aggravate this problem. Economic disparities and differences in social standing makes some people look down upon others and make them to develop to some degree the double consciousness problem. The political status of the Backs in the American nation has undergone major transformations. Today, the black Americans have a share in political posts in different ranks. This shows that the whites have accepted the contribution of the African Americans and their social standing, intellect and role they play in society. The African Americans of today are not be haunted by the double consciousness as much as it were with those of some decades ago. The new political theory has changed much in terms of policy on how all people aught to treat others. As a result, the African Americans have equal opportunity with the whites in access of all services needed by them. Even though this is the case, there are still some stereotypes. Some of the people still feel superior and thus mistreat others because of their color, race and ethnicity. The whites need to recognize the struggles of the black Americans and recognize them fully as human and treat them with the respect they deserve. They should recognize them as part of them and fully incorporate them in all development plans and activities. The whites need the intellect, resources and power of the African Americans in running the activities of their nation corporately. Cited work Allen Jr. Ernest (1992): Ever Feeling Ones twoness: Double Ideas and Double Consciousness In the Souls of Black Folk, Contributing in Black Studies: Vol. 9, Article 5 Held David: Political Theory today, Stamford University Pres, 1991 Brown, N. Kimberly, Writing the Black revolutionary Diva. Indiana University press, 2010 Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk, Forgotten books,2008

Review on Black Comedy :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journal Entry for â€Å"Black Comedy† Dear Journal:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have never been so exhausted in my entire life and now I have time to sleep and do some schoolwork. I know this is a day late and I am sorry, but Sunday I just couldn’t function anymore.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the production of â€Å"Black Comedy† I learned how to speak with a Standard British and Cockney dialect, was able to participate in the erection and demolition of a big set, and realized how much actors rely on each other during a performance. This production was hard, but an enjoyable learning experience. Never in my life had I used a British accent or a Cockney, now that I think of it. It was really hard for me to get that all down. Chris really did his job by pounding it away into our brains with all the packets and tapes. I had to watch â€Å"My Fair Lady† to get that wonderful Cockney down. Dialect work was the topic of our second rehearsal with little comments throughout the production.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oh what a lovely set we had! With some measurements that were missing or wrong. All Hail Jim! I really enjoyed being a part of the group and helping put the set together. I was so glad to hear that there would be a second work call because I hadn’t been able to attend the first. We started out that morning by putting the upstairs platform up, the stairs, the flats, and then paint. We ended that night by painting the stage a nice brown color and we were out of there at eleven o’clock. It took an awfully long time to put the set up, yet it took about three and a half hours to pull it all down. It was all over when all there was left to do was sweep the floor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since this was only my second play I realized that with a small cast as â€Å"Black Comedy† had each actor must work together and know the other actors’ lines. When someone would miss or forget a line, another actor would have to either help them get back to where they should be or go with it. I learned just how important cue lines were in this production. They tell you were you should be in your blocking, in the play, and who’s line is next. A way that helped me learn my lines this time around was when I thought I knew them I would write them down and then go back over them with the script in my hand.

Anne Hutchinson :: essays research papers fc

Anne Hutchinson challenged the traditional role of women in the Puritan society through her opposing religious beliefs. Anne Hutchinson was most likely not the first woman to have her own thoughts. She was simply the first to act on them. Anne Hutchinson was born on or about July17, 1591 in Alford, Licolnshire, England. She was the daughter of Reverend Francis Marbury. Rev. Marbury spoke out that many of the ordained ministers in the Church of England were unfit to guide people's souls. For this act of defiance, he was put in jail for one year. Anne read many of her father's books on theology and religion. Much of Anne's independence and willingness to speak out was due to her father's example. Anne admired her father for his defiance of traditional church principles. Then in 1612 she married William Hutchinson. Together they had 15 children. In 1634 she and her husband moved to Boston. Here Anne began holding informal church meetings in her home discussing the pastor's services and also preaching her beliefs to her followers. Threatened by meetings she held in her Boston home, the clergy charged Hutchinson with hersey. An outspoken female in a male hierarchy, Hutchinson had little hope that many would speak in her defense, and she was being tried by the General Court. In 1636 she was charged with hersey and banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Several years later when she moved to New York she was killed in an Indian attack. Anne challenged the Puritan clergy. She believed that: "1.One can feel one's salvation and is filled with the spirit of God after conversion. 2.One needn't be learned in the Bible or in the Puritan writers in order to be saved. 3.The ministers are all under the covenant of works, except John Cotton, who is under the covenant of grace.4. Inner light is the guarantee of salvation.5. All responsibility for salvation is placed on Christ. 6.Every person has the ear of God if only he or she would ask for it, and listen to the answer. 7. Indian slavery is wrong - people of all skin colors are of one blood. 8.Sunday shouldn't be set aside as the Lord's Day because every day is the Lord's day. 9.Christians will have new bodies when they get to heaven.10.Predestination is unfounded.11.Prayers should not be memorized, but inspired by love for God, waiting on Him.12.Holy Spirit dwells within each Christian like a personal union.

Compare how love is presented in three poems in the Poetry Anthology Essay

Plena Timoris by Thomas Hardy, Refugee Mother and Child by Chinua Achebe and Piano by D. H. Lawrence are all poems that explore the theme of love, although they may seem very different at first glance. Plena Timoris tells of two young lovers’ relationship as it ends, while Refugee Mother and Child shows the strong bond between a mother and her child and Piano takes the poet down the road of remembrance into his childhood. As many readers would know, love can be a painful thing. However, the first stanza of Plena Timoris portrays a seemingly perfect and flawless love of a man and woman. The poet constructs the setting to be that of a typical love poem by using the images of â€Å"parapet-stone† and â€Å"the moon in its southing directly blent / its silver with their environment†, the moon being a symbol of romance and secret meetings with lovers in the 19th century, the time of the poem. The alliteration of the â€Å"l† sound in â€Å"lovers looked† and â€Å"laughed and leant† suggests that the lovers are harmonious and at one with each other and their surroundings as the â€Å"l† sound is one that is soft, smooth, flowing and not at all abrupt. The image of â€Å"his arm around her† shows the sense of security within their relationship, the regular rhyme scheme of ABBAB and the regular structure of four stanzas of five lines, adding to this security, comfort and predictability. This very positive portrayal of love convinces the reader to pursue love as love is shown as achievable perfection and therefore links love to perfection. Refugee Mother and Child illustrates a different type of love: the affections of a mother for her child. The poet alludes to the recognized image of the Madonna and Child to show the eternal love of a mother for her child and that this love is universal whether it is between the Madonna and Child or a refugee and her son. The poet also implies his thoughts on how the love of the refugee for her child is greater and more tender than the love of the Madonna as the refugee is in a very bleak situation. This greater love is shown by â€Å"no Madonna could touch that picture of a mother’s tenderness.† The purity and strength of the mother’s love is shown through the synaesthia â€Å"singing in her eyes†, symbolising the hope and pride of the mother despite the bleak circumstance. Positive phrases and nouns, such as â€Å"pride† and â€Å"flowers†, are scarce in the poem, causing them to stand out even more against the many negative phrases. This contrast makes the good seem better than it is, and the impact that these nouns have is made stronger and stronger as the poem goes on. Piano, on the poet’s close relationship with his mother is another positive portrayal of love between a mother and her child. However, it is shown in a different perspective in that it is from the perspective of the child. The sibilance in â€Å"smiles as she sings† helps to replicate the calm and relaxed atmosphere of â€Å"the cosy parlour† and the warm affections of the mother and child. This is added to by â€Å"the heart of me weeps to belong† as the heart is where deep feelings are said to originate and belong. It also emphasises that the mother is the emotional heart of the poet’s childhood, as she is of Piano. It is obvious that there is a strong bond between the poet and his mother, and this sense of security and predictability is heightened by the regular rhyme scheme of AABB, which is a reminder of the patterns of melody in music, and the constant structure of four lines in each stanza. To me though, the sense of security that the poet felt at home is surprising, given that his childhood was overshadowed by negativities, such as his father who was a heavy drinker. However, this serves only to further communicate the poet’s love for his mother, emphasising that his mother was the emotional heart of his childhood as she is of Piano. All three poems contain positive elements of love in their different portrayals. However, all three poems also bear with them, pain and sadness. Refugee Mother and Child conveys the negative of the situation it portrays in extreme. There is death and disease all around and â€Å"the air was heavy with odours / of diarrhoea†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , but in contrast to what I would have expected, death brought the mother and child closer together. The poet mentions how things would have been different â€Å"in another life†, and future conditionals in the past tense such as â€Å"would have been† and â€Å"would have to forget† serve to separate the mother from the alternative lifestyle that we in the wealthy portion of the world take for granted. As a result of the separation, the act of â€Å"part[ing] it (the child’s hair† becomes greatly significant as it would be a â€Å"daily act of no consequence† in the alternative life, but instead, it was as though she was â€Å"putting flowers on a tiny grave†. This image that the poem builds up to is a final representation of death as it is often seen at funerals, showing that the mother is preparing her child for his death as she parts her child’s hair, making it perfect as she would do had he been dead. In this, death brings them together as the mother wants more time with her son, and treasures the physical contact with him as she parts his hair â€Å"carefully†. In contrast, death tears apart the lovers in Plena Timoris, as the girl in the poem seemingly becomes the drowned woman when she hears of the tragedy. The negative undertone of the poem shows through in the title itself which is Latin for â€Å"a woman full of fear and dread†, describing at first the woman who â€Å"drowned herself for the love of a man† and then describing the girl in the poem as â€Å"her arm dropt from his†. This contrasts the image of â€Å"his arm around her† at the beginning of the poem, and this represents the loss of emotional closeness between the lovers. â€Å"They said; climbed over; slid down; let go† has many unnatural pauses, and is deliberately confusing to the reader, mirroring the lovers’ confusion. The sudden end to their closeness is shown in â€Å"until he grew tired. But she†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as it is the only line with a full stop in the middle, which represents the end of their relationship. The cynicism the poem has towards love is also shown through the men who retrieve the woman’s body who say â€Å"so much for love in this mortal sphere!† The use of the phrase â€Å"mortal sphere† suggests that the poet thinks the only true love you can have faith in is religious love and piety, and that relationships are essentially â€Å"mortal† and doomed. Having seen love as perfection at the beginning, the negativities that start in stanza two bring a dreadful low to the reader. I, myself, felt disappointment and â€Å"hopeless despair† and was persuaded that love is, in essence, condemned – that true love like what was shown at the beginning of the poem, can never be found and will never last. Piano, although it doesn’t refer to death, is also a poem that is tinted with melancholy. The tone of the poem is nostalgic and wistful and emphasis on this longing is furthered by phrases such as â€Å"I weep like a child for the past†, showing that it is impossible to go back. The poem is written in present tense, and this further distances the poet from the past that he cannot revisit. The poet writes that the â€Å"song / betrays me (the poet) back† and the alliteration on the harsh â€Å"b† sound adds to the effect of the word â€Å"betrays†, which has negative connotations such as distrust. The choice of the word â€Å"betrays† suggests that it was not by his own will that he is revisiting his memories and the immense love he has for his mother, and this leads me to think that it was not socially acceptable to break down and be as emotional as in Piano, and research into the Victorian era when the poem was written shows this to be true. With the pressures that are on men still, to be emotionally strong, the pressures back then must have been even greater in comparison, and for Lawrence to write Piano as his â€Å"manhood is cast† and reveal his overwhelming emotions even so shows the effect his mother must have had on him. The three poems all deal with the universal themes of love and suffering – Plena Timoris on the loss of love between the two young lovers, and Piano on the remembrance of a love in the past. However, as a reader, Refugee Mother and Child is the one that has the most impact on me because of the familiar hyper-realistic photojournalistic images, that the media frequently show, that appear throughout the poem. This draws out sympathy, guilt and grievance from the reader as many of us in the wealthy portion of the world do not do a significant amount to help, and because we are privileged which makes it hard for us to imagine the circumstance, the resilient love of the mother for her dying son is even more moving, dealing with the themes of love and suffering most powerfully out of the three poems. Of course, Plena Timoris and Piano are also effective in portraying love, but in different guises from that in Refugee Mother and Child. However, the poems have a point in common in that all three poems also movingly illustrate the pain and suffering that is felt through the painful loss of love, which we all hope will never happen but as shown by the poems, inevitably does. This in itself unites the poems, showing the love depicted in each as the same, underneath the surface, and universal.