Laws of Life

People are afraid of death but I think life it’s self is so much scarier because you do not know what life will bring you and sometimes it will not be easy. You see I am not really sure what I want to do with my life and it scares me. It scares me that I might mess up my whole life because I do not know what I want to do but I do know one thing I want to do in my life. The only thing I do know is that I want to be a great person. Loyal, kind, and adventurous, that’s what I want to be and know for when I am gone. Loyalty gives you something to stand for, something to fight for. Being loyal is sticking with your words and promises. I try my best to be loyal, when my friends tell me secrets I keep them, when something happens in the family that other people should not know I do not tell them. Also, being loyal shows that you care about something and you want to keep its trust. Not telling someone’s secrets is not the only way to be loyal; you can be loyal to your country by supporting it. The most important way to be loyal is to be loyal to god by showing that you are very grateful for what he has given you. â€Å"Treat everyone with politeness, even those who are rude to you – not because they are nice, but because you are† This saying showed me that just because people are mean to you does not mean you should be mean back. Being kind shows that you have generosity and courage. Generosity is by spending time, money, or labor, for others, without being rewarded in return, but you do get rewarded with the feeling of happiness that you did something for the ones in need. Courage is when your go out on the limb for someone else and their might be risks. For example, your friends are being mean and calling a kid names and you stick up for them; even with the risk of losing your friends because you know you’re doing the right thing. Which makes being kind is a great quality to have. There are so many doors to be opened, and I'm not afraid to look behind them. † This saying showed me that I want to be someone who embraces life; who wants to be on a long journey but has no particular plan or destination in mind. An adventurous woman, open to the concept of living life in the moment. I want to try new things and face my fears; if there is an opportunity to climb a mountain, or to go sky diving, or some adventurous activity, I will always be happy to do it. I always want to be known for this because I want to be adventurous, spontaneous and crazy. Loyal, kind and adventurous are three quality’s that define me. If I am brought up in a conversation, I hope their saying that I am nice or trust worthy. Loyal is being trust worthy, kind is being generous, and adventurous is being open. These three qualities are different but they are all great to have and be known for. I will always try my best to be the greatest person that I can be in my lifetime.

Chopin’s Homeland Essay

Leaving Warsaw at his 20 years old because of the uprising, with the strong homesick mood, Chopin brings a handful of Poland’s soil to Paris with him. After he settles down well in Paris, living peacefully as a composer without war or uprising, he becomes so sad every day. He composes 60 Mazurkas when he is in Paris; they’re more like character pieces, using inspired melodies and intricate harmonies to express wistful memories and homesickness seemingly without remedy. With the longing for homeland in his rest life, he becomes more and more sick and he is gone when he is 39 years old. Everyday after he leaves Warsaw, he is struggling in the pain of homesickness. But he never comes back in his rest 19 years, even once time. After he is died, his funeral is established in Warsaw. With Mozart’s requiem, his body is burned in the Warsaw’s soil and he comes back the homeland finally. Chopin’s life is so sad and impressive as his works. Every time when I play his Mazurka, I even feel I can see the young and talent man who holds a soil of Poland, with tears on his face. Besides being sad for him, I begin to wonder other questions: Why not he never comes back to Warsaw in the 19 years? Why does he still want to be burned in Warsaw? In order to figure out the answer, I read many essays about homeland. â€Å"Lost in Translation† of Eva Hoffman is impressive one for me. In her essay, Hoffman describes her translation from Cracow to Canada with her family to avoid the Second World War when she was thirteen years old. She is so sad as Chopin when they leave Cracow, her homeland. She believes she loses a lot and says, â€Å" my mind rejects the idea of being taken there. I do not want to be pried out of my childhood, my pleasures, my safety, my hopes for becoming a pianist.† (177) Due to the leaving, everything that she used to have in Cracow is gone, as she says, â€Å" I t is a notion of such crushing, definitely finality that to me it might as well mean the end of the world.† (176) With such a pain, she translates to Canada. Even though she gets the peaceful life and good education in Canada, Cracow is always the paradise and is always the place she is longing for and searching for. Hoffman recounts a conversation with a woman in a stylish party in New York. The woman’s father was a diplomat in Asian country, so â€Å" she had lived surrounded by sumptuous elegance, the courtesy of servants and the delicate advances of older men.† (177) For the woman, that life is paradise and it is a common sense that people wants to pursue the gorgeous life. But for Hoffman, the paradise is the life in Cracow, even though her life in Cracow is under, â€Å" dark political rumblings, memories of wartime suffering, and daily struggle for existence.† The life for her is poor and dark, but with pleasure childhood, her safety and her hope to be a pianist. These beautiful memories and sweet feelings make her never forget Cracow and make her always trust that Cracow is the paradise for her whole life. However, with the strong longing for Cracow, Hoffman, like Chopin, never comes back to Cracow, even though the war ends and Cracow comes back to peace. All she does to satisfy her longing for Cracow is reminding these memories and she lets her mind come back to Cracow and come back to the time when she was four years old. â€Å" It is Cracow, 1949, I am four years, and I do not know that this happiness is taking place is taking place in a country recently destroyed by a war,† she recounts. She never comes back, like Chopin; she lets her mind totally sink into the old memories to satisfy her longing for home and to make her feel sweet and pleasure. Both Hoffman and Chopin have the strong longing for homeland, but they both never come back the land they expect for a long time. I begin to wonder why they do not come back to the land that they miss strongly? Do they not have opportunities to come back or do they not want to come back essentially? N. Scott Momaday’s essay, â€Å" The Way To Rainy Mountain† inspires me. In his essay, Momaday recounts his journey to Rainy Mountian which is an old landscape for Kiowa tribe that his grandmother was the member of them. Walking on the Rainy Mountain, he memorializes how the way of life of the Kiowa tribe and how Kiowa tribe disappears. Kiowa people used to control the whole of the Oklahoma Plains; they have their language, culture and tradition. But modern culture, soldiers and government make Kiowa disappear. His grandmother is one of the last generation to witness the brilliance of that culture. After leaving Kiowa tribe and translating to the modern life, his grandmother, Aho is sad to lose her homeland. Her childhood is defined by â€Å" frogs away by the river† and â€Å" the motion of the air†(183), but her life after Kiowa disappears is sunk into the memories of Kiowa. She uses the language of Kiowa to pray; she dances Sun Dances. These two ways are all she can do to memory her homeland so that she can feel Kiowa again. However, like Chopin and Hoffman, Aho never comes back the Oklahoma Plains either. If she came back, everywhere she would pass in the plain triggers memories of Kiowa people and culture of Kiowa. However, everything about Kiowa does not exist anymore. No people will hunt on the plain; no people dance the Sun dance; no people would pray using the Kiowa language under noon. Even though she can walk on the Rainy Mountain, she cannot find the trace of Kiowa. Maybe this is also the reason why Hoffman can Chopin did not come back their homelands. Everything during the time when they leave has changes, and the place is not the homeland as they remember. Chopin, Hoffman and Momaday’s grandmother cannot see the homeland they miss and expect, because everything changes so quietly on land, such as the buildings, roads and bridges. But landscape, soil and the land will not change always. I have seen the satisfied face of my grandfather when he touched the soil of his homeland. My grandfather was born in a small town of southern China. Because of the red soil, the land was so poor that they had to go fishing to survive. My grandfather’s family lived on a small boat. Even though the life was poor, my grandfather was so happy since everyday he can see his parents and brother. However, when he was ten years old, the internal war begins in China and his brother was force to go to Taiwan. Since that time, my grandfather never saw him again until last year he got a phone and was told his brother was died in Taiwan. After he got the news, my all family came back the homeland of my grandfather. I can clearly remember how happy he was when he saw many fishing boats on the shore; how exited he was when he saw the mountain where he often climbed with his brother; how moved he was when he touched the red soil on the land. He told me that these fishing boats, landscape and the soil made him feel the sweet and warm as before he was ten years old. He is right. The soil will not change, and it is totally the same as before no matter how long time has gone. The soil can make my grandfather to remind the old and beautiful memories and feelings. I think this is the reason why he wants to come back to his homeland even though the small town has changed a lot in the past 60 years. The sad Mazurka comes into my mind. Now, I have already known why Chopin does not come back to Warsaw when he is alive and why he wants to be burned in the land. He does not come back since he knows the Warsaw has changed and it is not the city as he remembered and imaged. He will not get the trace of the old city as Momaday’s grandmother cannot find the trace of Kiowa. However, as my grandfather, he still believes the soil of Warsaw does not change. The moment when his body is burned in the soil is the moment when he comes back home. With the Mozart’s requiem, lying in the soil he is longing for, he will feel peaceful, sweet and happy because he comes back the homeland. Maybe this is the reason why the majority people want to be burned in the homeland. Maybe this is the mysterious attachment between individual and land.

In your opinion, can a criminal trial be fair if witnesses are granted Essay

In your opinion, can a criminal trial be fair if witnesses are granted anonymity - Essay Example Anonymity is considered as one of the most sensitive and controversial issues related with the criminal justice. The laws related with the anonymity of the witnesses have been developed under the common law and there has been a large standing principal that the defendant to be confronted with his accuser in the court of law. (The Crown Prosecution Service) The case of R Davis however, brought forward new challenges when it was decided by the House of Lords that the anonymity of the witnesses may render the overall trial as unfair. This case is considered as one of the leading examples of ignoring the achievement of a delicate balance between the rights and responsibilities of different parties involved in any given case. (Kerrigan and Stockdale). This paper will attempt to discuss whether a trial can be fair if witnesses are given the choice of anonymity? The Case of R Davis In order to discuss the argument of whether a trial can be fair, it is important to discuss the case of R Davi s as this case is considered as one of the leading cases establishing the legal position for the anonymity of the witnesses and the fairness of the trial. R Davis was accused of committing double murders in London and after hiding for some time in US on false passport, he was extradited to UK. He maintained that he left the party before actual shooting took place and he has been fixed in this by his Ex- partner. The Crown’s investigation included witnesses in this case who were fearful about their security and therefore requested anonymity. After the due investigation, the claims of the witnesses were considered as true and trial judge, in order to ensure the safety of the witnesses as well as to obtain their evidence, allowed the anonymity under which witnesses were allowed to give their evidence against the false names, no information about them was provided to the defence and the natural voice of the witnesses was only heard by the Jury. Subsequently Davis was convicted by the Jury. (Rahman) The House of Lords however, overturned based on the Common Law Principle that the accused has the entitlement to confront with the accusers so that the accused could have cross examined them. Though exceptions were noted such as the case of hearsay however, based on the article 6 of the ECHR, the conviction was overthrown. Fairness of trial and Anonymity of witnesses Article 6 of the European convention deals with the right of having a fair trial and the article (6)(3)(d) outlines the rights of the defendants to examine the witnesses. In case of Davis, the court convicted him because of making a delicate balance between the rights of the accused and the rights of the witnesses can be a difficult task and commented that this may not always be incompatible with the Convention. Article 10 and 11 of the Universal declaration of Human Rights suggest that everyone has the right to fair trail and public hearing by and independent and impartial tribunal in case any crimi nal charges are levied against him. Further, anyone is presumed to be innocent until charges are proven as guilty. Viewed from the perspective of the above legislations and legal principles, it may be clear that the right of fair trial is of absolute importance however, competing interests also need to be taken into consideration when viewing the fairness of a trial and anonymity of the witnesses. In the

Monopoly, duopoly and barriers to entry Assignment

Monopoly, duopoly and barriers to entry - Assignment Example Thus, Q = 3 is the profit maximizing output. This is not a Pareto efficient equilibrium. Pareto efficiency requires the price to equal marginal cost. Therefore, the Pareto efficient equilibrium would have the price equalling $12 and then from the demand curve we find that the Pareto efficient equilibrium quantity would be the solution to 12 = 24 – 2Q which implies that the Pareto efficient quantity would be Q = 6. 1) Playing â€Å"Don’t cooperate† is the dominant strategy for both firms. Note when the other firm plays â€Å"Collude†, playing â€Å"Collude† yields a payoff of $9 whereas â€Å"Don’t cooperate† yields a payoff of $10. Again, when the other firm plays â€Å"Don’t cooperate†, playing â€Å"Collude† yields a payoff of $7 whereas â€Å"Don’t cooperate† yields a payoff of $8. Therefore, playing â€Å"Don’t cooperate† yields a higher payoff irrespective of the rival firm’s strategy. Hence, â€Å"Don’t cooperate† is a dominant strategy for both firms. 2) The Nash equilibrium strategy profile is {Don’t cooperate, Don’t cooperate}.This is best seen by noticing that since â€Å"Don’t cooperate† is a dominant strategy, neither player has a unilateral incentive to deviate from this profile. Hence, it is the unique Nash equilibrium in this game. 3) The Nash equilibrium strategy profile leads to aggregate profits of $16 ($8+$8). The highest aggregate profits are earned in this game from the {Collude, Collude} profile, where both players earn $9 so that the aggregate profits are $18. Therefore, the Nash equilibrium strategy profile does not maximize aggregate profits. 4) The monopolist prices the good at $18 and sells 3 units in equilibrium. Its per unit cost is 12. Thus the monopolist’s total revenue is TR = 3 x 18 = $54 and its total cost is TC = 12 x 3 = 36. Therefore the monopolist’s profit is $54 - $36 = $18. If the firms successfully collude, their total aggregate profits are equal to the monopolist’s profits. But since they

The First Crusade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The First Crusade - Research Paper Example Indeed Pope Urban’s religious apparel often tends to shroud the true aspects of the First Crusade and the fact that Pope Urban himself was up to his own cause is often ignored. Indeed historians have interpreted the event of the First Crusade differently. The lack of any unique primary document on Pope Urban’s (II) motive for the crusade has laid the event open to interpretation. These interpretations revolve mainly around three points: a. the 11th century reform movement, b. the Seldjuk or Muslim threat to the Eastern Roman Orthodoxy, c. affirmation of Papacy on entire European Christendom. But an astute analysis of the event will reveal that all of these three causes had their, more or less, equal shares of influence on the First Crusade. Seldjuk’s Threat in the East as a Primary Cause of First Crusade Though there is a common tendency among the historians to underrate the Seljuk threat to the Eastern Christendom considering it as a secondary cause of the First Crusade and to view it as a mere excuse to move eastward, the Seljuk attack on the Byzantine Empire was no less important as a psychological motivation than other causes. In a concrete sense, it might be a mere excuse in Pope Urban’s political and religious scheme, but it was a demonic cause to usurp the commoners’ sacrificial emotion for the war in its essence. In fact, First Crusade was the product of the reincarnated commoners’ passion for a holy war against the infidel and the unfaithful that were commonly considered to be the Seldjuk during the late 11th century. The extremity of medieval religiosity to achieve ablution for sins, restored faith of the commoners in church, superiority of the Popes and the church’s victory of the Emperor- all together functioned to boost up the common people’s zeal to fight for the Holy Land and eastern Christendom against the invading Seldjuk. Even if Islam and Christianity coexist on the east bank of the Medi terranean Sea for more than three hundred years before the 1000s, as Thomas Asbridge’s claims, the increasing Seldjuk attacks on the Byzantine Empire, the defeat in Manzikert in 1077, the conquest of religiously important cities like Antioch and Nicaea, Turkish invasion and conquest of Anatolia, etc were severe blows on the 11th century Christendom that made the Western church reformers feel the pressure on the East and eventually provoked the superior papacy to successfully characterize the invaders as the infidel and unfaithful who must be challenged. In an article, Paul Crawford describes the crisis as following: â€Å"In 1071 the Turks met and crushed the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, near Armenia. As a result the entire heartland of the Empire, in Asia Minor, lay open and defenseless† (Crawford 2). The atrocities of the Seldjuk are reflected in a â€Å"Letter of Alexius to Count Robert of Flanders†: The holy places they desecrate and destroy in numberless ways, and they threaten them with worse treatment†¦For almost the entire land from Jerusalem to Greece, and the whole of Greece with its upper regions†¦and now almost nothing remains except Constantinople. (Alexius) East-West Schism as one of the Causes of First Crusade Indeed for Pope Urban II there was no

Hum M3 man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hum M3 man - Essay Example A close analysis of Burn’s arguments on human emotions reveals that humans are in full control of their emotions. Values are the judgment of a person on what is important and what is not important in life. They are simply the standards of someone’s behavior. Unlike humans whose values are acquired from world experiences, animal values are passed from parent to offspring as animals tend to emulate what their parents do. Meanings of values are carried in most streams of emotions. Further, comparison between emotions and values reveal that emotions of different types are apprehension of values with distinctness. From self-assessment 3.4 I have a moderate cognitive empathy. This is an implication of moderate perspective taking. From self-assessment 3.5 I recorded a high emotional empathy. This is to mean that I am emotionally touched by what happens to other people. Self-assessment 2.2 portrays me as someone of high medium importance based on my values. My mood scale on self-assessment 4.4 reveals high positive energy. Generally the self-assessments portray me as someone energetic and believing so much in myself. However, I also get moved by the experiences of

A Winning Political Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Winning Political Strategy - Essay Example A Winning Political Strategy The Progressive Socialists (PS) is the main party that will ultimately win the elections but it can only win the elections through a coalition with the Conservatives of Urbania (CU). The Progressive Socialists (PS) Party’s ideology is on reformed communism whereas the ideology for the Conservatives of Urbania (CU) is conservative. These two ideologies when brought together and blended well will automatically win the elections with a landslide. Information states that the votes swing to the left meaning that the Progressive Socialists Party is in a better position to form a coalition with the Conservatives of Urbania Party (Barbara and Robert 19). The Progressive Socialists have an exceptionally strong winning point on the ideal tax rate, which is to keep the tax rates as low as possible as compared to the other parties. This is a strong campaign point since the majority of the Urbanians will be able to enjoy extra savings after taxation. This is ideal for the economy since it will spur growth and individual investments will increase. Naturally, people are attracted to parties that will ensure that they will tax them minimal tax, which is an advantage to the Progressive Socialists Party. The ideological type of the Progressive Socialists Party also is particularly strong considering the concept that they have in regard to being reformed communist. (Palombara and Weiner 7). Currently in the world, there is a humungous concept that capitalism is not working. This is evident from the recent recession that happened just recently and currently what is happening in Europe. Europe is experiencing the Euro Crisis due to the capitalist ’s ideology and therefore the reformed communist ideology is decidedly much ideal. The Conservatives of Urbania (CU) Party ideology is on conservative. This means that a combination of both ideologies, which are, reformed communist and conservative will be a strong alliance when both parties merge for a coalition. The origin of political parties and the circumstances under which parties first arise is paramount. This means that in a developing political system, the party’s initial tone and configuration have a significant effect on the kind of parties that subsequently emerge (Palombara and Weiner 7). This coalition will be an externally created party meaning that the parties will merge outside the legislature and invariably involve some challenges to the ruling group and a demand for representation. The stakes are too high for both parties to have the majority votes, which in turn, will lead to majority representation. A ruling coalition requires a majority representa tion in order to ensure that the ruling governments’ agendas are pushed forward for effect legislation. This will also ensure that the opposition does not sabotage the ruling party’s operations (Palombara and Weiner 10). The purpose of the coalition between the Progressive Socialists (PS) Party and the Conservatives of Urbania (CU) Party would be to build grassroots organizations that would ensure a win. Since both parties ideologies can be harmonized together, both parties will have a common vision during the campaigns. This will ensure that the coalition parties exist with the organization and structure leading to a visionary direction and leadership. The key strategy here is to ensure that the partners have a feeling of them being partners rather than feeling part of the campaign (Palombara and We

Kateryna by Taras Shevchenko Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kateryna by Taras Shevchenko - Essay Example The essay "Kateryna by Taras Shevchenko" explores the painting by Ukrainian artist Taras Shevchenko, Katerina. Shevchenko painted this painting during Austria, Hungary, and Russia. Austria and Hungary took over the Polish regions, Romania, and other Western territories of the Ukraine. Tsarist Russia occupied the Eastern Ukraine. Kateryna is set in a time where Ukrainians were forbidden to explore their culture through language or art. Several of Shevchenko’s paintings were done in exile. The cultural aspect of the Ukrainian dress on the woman to the peasant sitting on the ground shows the plight of the Ukrainian nature at the time. The Ukrainians were poor and conquered, but never defeated. The Russian riding a horse shows the powerfulness of the Russian soldiers and symbolizes the mighty country. This style is romanticism. The idea of throwing off aristocratic views with paintings depicting strong emotion is exemplified in Kateryna. The strong emotions of a seduced or raped w oman carrying an illegitimate child tug at most individuals’ emotions. Shevchenko wanted to cause outrage and anger against the occupying soldiers of Russia and the Tsarist government in general. The light colors also are considered a trait of the Romanticism era. Kateryna has a barefooted peasant girl in the forefront with a beggar at her feet. A dark animal jumps a little to her left. In the background is a large tree to the right. A windmill was placed in the top left corner. Between the windmill and girl is a Russian soldier.

The historical and institutional factors Essay Example for Free

The historical and institutional factors Essay The historical and institutional factors that contributed to the differences between the current German party system and the one that existed under the Weimar Republic One of the first major ways in which the current German party differs from that of the Weimar republic concerns the way in which democracy was formed. Whilst the current system was created through a constitution that received the respect and support of all the political parties concerned, the Weimar Republic was formed as a direct result of Germany’s defeat during the second world war. Although the Weimar Republic attempted to create a democratic Germany the economic downturn caused by the repercussions of the First World War entailed that it was difficult for political developments to take hold. The Germany politicians were forced to accept of the Versailles Treaty in 1911 and the inclusion of the ‘War Guilt Clause’ led to compulsory reparations to be paid to the alies. The agreement to this treaty caused a major split between the political parties and the extreme right were able to utiilise this to create an unstable political system. A further difference between the two political entities can be observed in the economic backdrop to their position. Not only did the Versaille Treaty have a crippling effect on the German economy, they were heavily dependent on foreign investment, loans and economic prosperity from the United States. In this vulnerable position the Weimar Republic’s existence was reliant on outside investment, which came crashing to a halt during the Wall Street crash of 1929. Post Wall Street Germany was a country that suffered from mass unemployment, homelessness and hunger and was crippled economically and, by 1933, the economy stood on the brink of collapse, with an economy which should, realistically, have long since declared itself bankrupt (Frei 163). The current German party however, is operational in very different circumstances. Their economy is one of the most advanced market economies and they are largely export led (World Bank, 2007). The people of Germany have a faith in their political system that wasn’t in evidence during the time of the Weimar. Another difference between the two political entities concerns the attitudes and beliefs of the people they governed. During the times of the Weimar, the far right was extremely prominent and had great power through the support they received from the wealthy constitutents (Childers 46). Through such power they were able to instugate violences and coups. Today people more readily accept regime and acknowledge its legitimacy. Extreme right wing politics have been legislated against and radical right wing parties are banned from power. It wasn’t just economic conditions which caused the Weimar Republic to be weak. The Republic also suffered from structural weaknesses. One example of this concerned Article 48 of the constitution which conferred dictatorial powers upon the President during an emergency and did not require collaboration and agreement with the Reichstag ministers. Furthermore, the constitution installed a system of proportional representation which resulted in the multiplication of small splinter parties.This meant that a stable minority in the Reichstag was impossible and there were frequent changes in government. Works Cited: Childers, Thomas. The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983 Total GDP 2007 World Bank. Retrieved on September 17, 2008 from http://siteresources. worldbank. org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP. pdf Frei, Norbert. National Socialist Rule in Germany. Translated by Joel Golb . New York Columbia University Press , 2002

Handling Multicultural Environment Essay Example for Free

Handling Multicultural Environment Essay Any single culture is multidimensional, and in this time of globalization, people belonging to various cultures are sharing common workplace where they are bound to interact with one another. This situation certainly calls for a thorough training on cultural competency for all members of any multicultural organization, and especially for the managers who have the job to unify all employees aims and aspirations with the goals of their company. Such a task is easier said than done; as there is plethora of instances where cultural difference has shattered the dreams of the company. However, there is no dearth of opposite instances too, where successful implementation of multicultural philosophy has brought in sustainable competitive advantage for the companies. In either way, this state of affairs substantiates the importance of seriously considering organization as culture and adopting right steps to achieve the status of a true-blue multicultural organization. With this point of view, this paper explores how the organizations can impart quality training to their managers, besides evaluating the efficacy of the established theories/ideas on this issue, before reaching its own conclusion. Multicultural Environment Any workplace comprising of employees from more than one culture can be called a multicultural organization. Here the word culture contains several interpretation, though in general, it speak about a package of perception, belief and acquired behavioral process, containing elements like learned and shared values, beliefs and behaviors to a particular group of people (Yamashita, 2004). On the other hand, multiculturalism is a Doctrine asserting value of different cultures coexisting within single society; globally, vision of cultural diversity deliberately fostered and protected (Globalization, 2000). In plain words, it is a concept of aligning various cultures to serve a common purpose. Common Problems in Multicultural Environment Problems occur when cultural difference and consequently, difference in perception about a particular issue/act/custom/or policy stands between the individuals or groups. Such situations can occur anytime at any multicultural set up, which can begin with little differences like meaning of a word, eating habits, or religious practice, whatever, and that can fuel a bigger set of difference, if not timely diffused. For example, the word, monkey contains hint of racism in some parts of the world, while it is only a simple definition of primate in the other. Now if someone from that special part of the world is called a monkey, s/he might react furiously, no matter how innocent the caller is. Understandably, such channel noises , are the outcome of ones ignorance about others culture. Specific Problems in Multicultural Environment This takes place when cultural difference puts spanner in the process of work. This too, can emerge out of various situations like managers or employees biases about their culture, or from ignorance about what means what. It is not uncommon for a manager to find difficulty in catering a multicultural audience at one go, if some of the members do not understand managers spoken language, or their idioms sound idiotic to their ears. This again points towards the importance of grooming to the tune of multicultural philosophy. Theories for Help No matter how much humans developed their science and technology, they are yet to discover a device that would be able to interpret ones thought for another. It is for this reason, the age-old art and science of effective communication still works wonders for every sphere of life and it is in fact the oxygen of any multicultural organization. Thus it would be pertinent to mention about two such theories out of many, to explain how theories can save the day for the managers of multicultural organizations. What these theories do is, they form the foundation of understanding among humans, which is the prime condition to rise above any cultural biases and to accept the fact that humans are all equal at their basements. ERG Theory This is an improvised version of Abraham Maslows (1908-1970) famous model of Hierarchy of Needs (Maslows, 2008), created by Clayton Alderfer after prolonged research, which adds more flexibility in determining the needs of an individual, which it does by reorienting the elements from Maslows model into three segments like Existence (E) – It involves physiological and safety needs. Relatedness (R) – It contains social and external esteem needs. Growth (G) Self-actualization and internal esteem needs. (ERG, 2007). Claytons model allows to set the order of needs according to the existing need structure of an employee, besides providing the scope to pursue different needs simultaneously. Accordingly, company can motivate any individual on any of the E, R or G needs – while looking after an individuals E need (say, where an employee needs a safety measure), the company can look after the same individuals R needs (like awarding her for her achievement) and G needs (inducting the individual in the think tank of the department). Expectancy Value Theory Founded by Martin Fishbein in the 1970-s, suggesting that people mould themselves to the world in accordance with their expectations/beliefs and evaluations (Expectancy, 2004). This serves as a pointer to the fact that behavior or behavioral intentions or attitudes evolve out of expectancy and evaluation, where the expectancy is an idea about a situation or object and evaluation is ones estimation about the impact of that idea/situation/object on any plane. Theories Groom Vision  If the entire team of a workplace can adopt a vision in the light of the Expectancy Value Theory, where they would expect that they are devoted to the collective goal. Once armed with this vision, the following areas of communication would definitely take a new turn as the outcome of reorientation of ones approach to the world: Intrapersonal communication: The vision would make the employee think like Im attached to an important organ of the society and thus I have more responsibility to meet its expectations. Communication with clients: The vision will make the employees more patient and taking interest in communicating with clients belonging to another culture. Team Communication: There would be less conflict of ego or other minor areas of personal interests, as the greater cause will influence all members to align their approach towards the perceived goal (achieving high standards of service).